Bacterial Food Pathogen
Bacteria are one-celled microorganisms with a cell wall but no nucleus. They exist in a variety of shapes, types and properties. Some pathogenic bacteria are capable of spore formation and thus highly heat-resistant (eg: Clostridium botulinum, C. perfringens, Bacillus subtilus, B. cereus). Others are capable of producing heat resistant toxins (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus). Most pathogens are mesophilic with optimal growth temperature range from 20 to 45⁰C (68 to 113 °F). However, certain foodborne pathogens (termed psychrotrophs) are capable of growth under refrigerated conditions or temperatures less than 10⁰C (50⁰F).The most well documented psychotropic foodborne pathogens are Listeria monocytogenes, and Yersinia enterocolitica.
B. cereus is an emerging human pathogen and the third most important cause of food poisoning. B. Cereus is a Gram positive endospore forming bacrteria present in wide rang of Habitate plant, sedimnents, soil and water.
Brucella melitensis are coccobacillus gram negative, facultative, interacellular bacteria which is non-motile, non-encapsulated and non-spore-forming bacteria mainly affect goat and sheep.
C a m p y l o b a c t e r j e j u n i i s g r a m - n e g a t i v e - P r o t e o b a c t e r i u m a r e c o n s i d e r e d t o t h e r m o p h i l l i c . C a m p y l o b a c t e r j e j u n i a c c o u n t s f o r m o r e t h a n 9 2 % o f h u m a n i n f e c t i o n a n d t h e m a j o r c a u s e o f f o o d - b o r n e i l l n e s s w o r l d w i d e .
C. botulism is a anaerobic gram positive endospore and Botulism toxin forming bacrteria that cause Botulism, is a rare but potentially life-threatening illness.
E. coli is the head of the large bacterial family, Enterohemorrhagic are facultatively anaerobic Gram-negative foodborn illness causing bacteria, characterized by the production of verotoxin or Shiga toxins (Stx)l eads to cause variety of syndrome
Salmonella belongs to same proteobacterial family as Escherichia coli, the family Enterobacteriaceae also known as "enteric" bacteria commonly associated with food poisoning in countries all over the world.The most common cause of food poisoning is associated with the serovar S. Enteritidis.
S. aureus is a Gram-positive coccus occurring singly or in irregular clusters.Nonmotile and Nonsporing chemoorganotroph having respiratory and fermentative
Metabolism.
S. pyogenes is a catalase-negative aerobic Gram-positive coccus have chain like arrangement.S.pyogenes, is one of the most virulent species causing human infections. S. pyogenes is a prototype bacterium that causes exotoxin-mediated infections
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a gram-negative marine bacterium, is a worldwide cause of food-borne illness.Vibrio parahaemolyticus inhabits the estuarine, marine and brackish water ecosystems.Is responsible to cause gastroenteritis
Vibrio vulnificus is the halophilic Gram-negative bacterium,a ubiquitous inhabitant of estuarine waters, and is one of the parior cause of seafood-related deaths.
Vibrio fluvialis is a halophilic Gram-negative bacterium has a motile polar flagella.Vibrio fluvialis is considered to be an emerging foodborne pathogen.
Yersinia enterocolitica (YE) is a zoonotic bacterial species and ubiquitous, being isolated frequently from soil, water, animals, and a variety of foods that causes food-transmitted infections.