Salmonella enteritidis

Salmonella belongs to same proteobacterial family as Escherichia coli, the family Enterobacteriaceae also known as "enteric" bacteria commonly associated with food poisoning in countries all over the world.The most common cause of food poisoning is associated with the serovar S. Enteritidis.The principal habitat of the salmonellae is the intestinal tract of humans .Outbreaks associated with salmonella are attributed to contaminated poultry, chicken eggs, and products that contain eggs. Salmonella is the second most common intestinal infection in the United States. More than 7,000 cases of Salmonella were confirmed in 2009; however the majority of cases go unreported. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that over 1 million people in the U.S. contract Salmonella each year, and that an average of 20,000 hospitalizations and almost 400 deaths occur from Salmonella poisoning, according to a 2011 report.

Organism Details:
Shape and Size
2 ¼m in length and 0.5 ¼m in diameter. Cylindrical or Rod shaped.
Genome Information
Salmonella Enteritidis is a Gram-negative, mesophilic, facultatively anaerobic bacteria. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Montevideo str. 507440-20 chromosome ( GI:605518)114 has a circular DNA chromosome of 4694375 bp. It has 4,376 genes and 4,250 coding proteins, Pseudo Genes: 13, rRNAs: 22 ( 5S, 16S, 23S ), tRNAs: 85, Frameshifted Genes: 10. The GC content of Salmonella Enteritidis is about 38% and the percentage coding of the bacteria is about 97.01%.
Food Source
Poultry meat, Pork, Beef,lamb and meat mixtures, Pastry, Dried milk products, Cream,Tofu,Unpasteurizemilk, Raw eggs, Poultry,Spices, Salads, Chocolate,Fish,Shellfish,Cooked custards ,Sauces such as protein), Fresh produce like melons, tomatoes, lettuce and sprouts, Cream-filled desserts and toppings.
Pathological Factor
S.Typhoid toxin is a unique virulence factor of Salmonella Typhi, which is expressed only during bacterial infection in mammalian cells. . After its synthesis and secretion from the bacteria, the toxin is transported by carrier intermediates from the Salmonella-containing vacuole to the extracellular space,from where it gains access to target cells via autocrine or paracrine routes cuase infection. Other most important virulence genes are those located within the so-called Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs) and 5 SPIs have been reported to have a major contribution to pathogenesis.
Disease
Salmonella are the cause of two diseases called salmonellosis:colitis/ enteric fever (typhoid), resulting from bacterial invasion of the bloodstream, and acute gastroenteritis, resulting from a foodborne infection/intoxication. Ingestion of contaminated foodsleads to Gastrointestinal infection which usually usually arises exclusively by human pathogens S. enterica serovar Typhi and S. enterica serovar Paratyphi A and B. Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, abdominal pain , and transient diarrhea or constipation, and infection can produce fatal respiratory problems.Salmonella Enterica infection causes:Gastroenteritis, Reactive Arthritis, Septicaemia, Aortitis, Cholecystitis, Colitis
Affected Body Organs
abdominal cramps, stomach pain, diarrhea, nausea, chills, fever, and headache. joint pain and bowel discomfor
Classification
Kingdom Bacteria
Phylum Proteobacteria
Class Gammaproteobacteria
Order Enterobacteriales
Family Enterobacteriaceae
Genus Salmonella
Species S. enteritidis