Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is classified with the enterovirus group of the Picornaviridae family and considered notifiable foodborne virus attributed to cause foodborne illness in many countries.hepatitis A virus: non.enveloped ; ss .RNA, packaged in a protein shell .There is only one serotype of the virus, but multiple genotypes exist.
Electron microscopy (EM) analyses show spherical particles of possible icosahedral symmetry, with indefinite surface substructure, resembling the caliciviruses.Hepatitis E is common in many parts of the world. HEV virion is a nonenveloped, spherical,ss, positive-stranded Hepevirus RNA virus. HEV is a small and structurally simple RNA animal virus. is composed entirely of viral protein and RNA.
Norovirus is positive sense single stranded RNA ,is the prototype of a family of unclassified small round structured viruses, which may be related to the caliciviruses. Commone illness caused by the Norovirues are viral gastroenteritis, acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis responsible to cause food poisoning, and food infection.Foods such as raw oysters, cake frosting and salads, as well as drinking water, have been implicated as a common source of viral infection in several outbreaks.According to CDC report norovirus stand in top pathogen responsible to illness and hospitaliztion .
Poliovirus is a small virus that lacks a viral envelope but has a capsid that surround its, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA are transmitted by food but virulent strains of this agent are now extremely rare.
Poliovirus is an error-prone enteric virus spread by the fecal-oral route, and rarely invades the central nervous system (CNS). However, in the rare instances when poliovirus invades the CNS, the resulting damage to motor neurons is striking and often permanent.
The rotavirus genome consists of 11 segments of double-stranded RNA surrounded by a double-shelled viral capsid. When examined by electron microscopy, the double-shelled particles resemble a wheel-like structure morphologically.
Rotaviruses are classified with the Reoviridae family. They have a genome consisting of 11 double-stranded RNA segments surrounded by a distinctive two-layered protein capsid. Six serological groups have been identified, three of which (groups A, B, and C) infect humans. Rotavirus is endemic worldwide. It is the leading cause of severe diarrhoea mainly in infants and children, and accounts for about half of the cases requiring hospitalisation. In temperate areas, it occurs primarily in the winter, but in the tropics it occurs throughout the year.
Under the electron microscope, astroviruses appear as small, round viruses that have surface projections resembling a five- or six-pointed star.of positive-sense single stranded RNA.hence the name Astroviridae. Astroviruses are heat resistant for short periods above 56°C and survive for long periods below -20°C.
Sapoviruses are caliciviruses that together with the Norwalk virus.Sapovirus (SaV) is a common cause of acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide, and SaV outbreaks have become more frequent in recent years.SaV have been identified worldwide and human SaV strains are classified in genogroups I, II, IV and V.outbreak of acute gastroenteritis due to SaV occurrence.
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