Streptococcus pyogenes

S. pyogenes is a catalase-negative aerobic Gram-positive coccus have chain like arrangement.S.pyogenes, is one of the most virulent species causing human infections. S. pyogenes is a prototype bacterium that causes exotoxin-mediated infections.The size of sequenced S. pyogenes genomes is about 1.88 Mbp (range: 1.82 1.94 Mbp),One important feature of the S. pyogenes genome is that its genetic variation is largely determined by the presence of prophages or prophage-like elements.These prophage-like elements frequently carry virulence mechanisms such as exotoxin,endotoxin adhesin,and superantigen genes There are at least 517,000 deaths globally each year due to severe S. pyogenes infections and rheumatic fever disease alone causes 233,000 deaths.

Organism Details:
Shape and Size
< 2 µm , Round or Ovoid shaped.
Genome Information
Streptococcus Pyogenes is a Gram-Positive,facultatively anaerobic. Streptococcus Pyogenes strain MGAS9429 chromosome ( GI:94987631) has a circular DNA chromosome of 1836467 bp .The genome structure of Streptococcus Pyogenes consists of 1,962 genes and and 1,877 coding proteins, Pseudo Genes: 2, rRNAs: 18 ( 5S, 16S, 23S ), tRNAs: 67 . The GC content of Streptococcus Pyogenes is about 38.5% .
Food Source
Boiled Eggs, Fried boiled fish-pastes, Fried Chickens, Boiled seaweed rice
Pathological Factor
A characteristic of S pyogenes is the organism s ability to invade epithelial cells. Streptococcus pyogenes produces three types of exotoxins. These toxins are responsible for causing fever and scarlet fever rashes; they also increase the risk of endotoxic shock and depress antibody synthesis.Streptococcus pyogenes also produces streptokinase, a toxin that digests blood clots to assist in the invasion of wounds. Pyrogenic exotoxins These toxins are responsible for the rash of scarlet fever. Other pathogenic effects caused by these substances include pyrogenicity, cytotoxicity, and enhancement of susceptibility to endotoxin. SPE B is a precursor of a cysteine protease, another determinant of virulence.
Disease
Streptococcal infection most common site are the upper respiratory tract and the skin and soft tissues. Streptococcal pharyngitis and tonsillitis can be followed by local and distant suppurative complications (such as peritonsillar and retropharyngeal abscesses) or non-suppurative sequelae (acute rheumatic fever being commoner than post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis after respiratory tract infections).Also responsible to cause wide array of infection Tonsils, cellulitis,Sensitive Cervical Lymph Nodes Malaise ,cellulitis,endocarditis, erysipelas, impetigo, meningitis, necrotizing fasciitis, pneumonia, ,shock syndrome scarlet fever, strep throat, Scarlet fever (pink-red rash and fever), Glomerulonephritis (inflammation, hematuriia, fever, edema, hypertension, urinary sediment abnormalties and severe kidney pain)
Affected Body Organs
Classification
Kingdom Bacteria
Phylum Firmicutes
Class Bacilli
Order Lactobacillales
Family Streptococcaceae
Genus Streptococcus
Species S. pyogenes