Vibrio fluvialis

Vibrio fluvialis is a halophilic Gram-negative bacterium has a motile polar flagella. It is a sodium chloride-requiring, oxidase-positive, nitrate-positive organism that ferments D-glucose and other carbohydrates with the production of acid and gas. Isolated from water, animal feces, human feces, sewage, and seafood product. V. fluvialis is an important cause of cholera-like bloody diarrhoea . Vibrio fluvialis is considered to be an emerging foodborne pathogen and has been becoming a high human public health hazard all over the world, especially in coastal areas of developing countries and regions with poor sanitation. The largest outbreak of V. fluvialis is being isolated with an increased frequency from hospitalized patients in Kolkata, India, with cholera-like illnesses.

Organism Details:
Shape and Size
(0.5 to 0.8 ¼m in width and 1.2 to 3 ¼m in length, Curved- Rod shaped.
Genome Information
vibrio fluvialis is a Gram-negative halophilic, aerobic bacterium. Vibrio fluvialis PG41 5343550 bp circular chromosome ( GI:520913261.).It has 4,858 genes and 4,858 coding proteins.The GC content of Vibrio fluvialis is about 48.1%. .
Food Source
marine product shellfish, oyster
Pathological Factor
V. fluvialis produces several toxins that may be Important in pathogenesis including an enterotoxin-like substance, lipase, protease, cytotoxin, and hemolysin .Hemolysin has been known to be an important virulence factor in the pathogenic processes of many clinical microorganisms, causing hemorrhagic septicemia and diarrhoea. The thermostable hemolysin from VFH, a major hemolysin of V. fluvialis, is a pore forming toxin and induces osmotic lysis in erythrocytes.Hemolysin also act as major factor to cause virculence.
Disease
Vibrio fluvialis-related illness is characterized by gastroenteritis, nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting, watery bloody diarrhoea with abdominal cramps or significant fever. Moderate to severe dehydration, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis.The primary syptom associated with syndrome followed by high fever and chills, often with vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and extremities pain.Major diagnostic clues for V. fluvialis associated syndrome are heamorrhagic bullae which can be seen with immflamation and cellulitis. It is believed that the bacteria most likely enter the circulation through the intestine .V. Fluvialis causes: Liver Disease (especially alcoholic cirrhosis), HIV/AIDS, Hemochromatosis (iron overload ), Diabetes Mellitus
Affected Body Organs
Classification
Kingdom Bacteria
Phylum Proteobacteria
Class Gamma-Proteobacteria
Order Vibrionales
Family Vibrionaceae
Genus Vibrio
Species V. fluvialis