Vibrio vulnificus The Gram-negative bacterium,a ubiquitous inhabitant of estuarine waters, and is one of the parior cause of seafood-related deaths therefore highly prevalent in number in shellfish molluscan around the world.Vibrio vulnificus is an halophile ,an etiologic agent responsible to causes gastroenteritis and also responsible to cause human mortalty.V. vulnificus show high degree of genotypic and phenotypic
Heterogeneity among them.V. vulnificus are classified into biotypes based on their biochemical characteristics. Strains belonging to biotype 1 are responsible for the majority of human infections,
while biotype 2 strains are primarily eel pathogens . A recently identified third biotype (biotype 3) was shown to pos-
sess biochemical properties of both biotypes 1 and 2 and to cause human wound infection and other; diarrheal disease, Chronic illness,skin lesions,fever .Hypotension
Liver disease Illness
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The etiologic is an of human mortality from seafood-borne infection.t is a human pathogen known to cause gastroenteritis, which is an infection of the stomach and intestines, wound infections and primary septicemia, which occurs when the bacterium enters the host's blood and causes infection throughout the body.It can cause serious wound infections with lethal outcome and is also responsible for cases of death caused by consumption of contaminated seafood. In the United States, particularly oysters contaminated with V. vulnificus have been reported to be responsible for deadly infections world. In the 10-year period between 2000 and 2009, 303 cases involving oyster ingestion occurred in the United States, of which 148 were fatal.
Organism Details:
Shape and Size
0.5 to 0.8 µm in width and 1.4 to 2.6. µm Slightly Curved shaped.
Genome Information
vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram-negative halophilic, aerobic bacterium.
Vibrio vulnificus VVyb1(BT3) chromosome I chr1 3362228 bp chromosome ( GI:484120676)The genome of vibrio vulnificus has circular DNA of 3205805 bp.It has 5,077genes and 4,803coding proteins, Pseudo Genes: 191, rRNAs: 5 ( 5S, 16S, 23S ),,tRNAs: 77,Frameshifted Genes: 170. The GC content of vibrio vulnificus is about 40% and the percentage coding of the bacteria is about 95%.
Food Source
Raw oyster , Shellfish
Pathological Factor
Vibrio vulnificus causes acute cell death and a fatal infection associated toxic factor. RtxA1 toxin is a multifunctional cytotoxin and plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of V. vulnificus infections. The expression of RtxA1 toxin increased after host cell contact in a time-dependent manner. The RtxA1 toxin induced vesicle formation in plasma membrane and rearrangements in cytoskeletal ,which culminated in a necrotic cell death. RtxA1 colocalized with actin and caused actin aggregation coinciding with a significant decrease in the F/G actin ratio. The RtxA1 toxin caused haemolysis through pore formation (radius 1.63 nm).
Disease
Most V. vulnificus infections are acute and have no long-term consequences.In immundefficient persons, when they eat raw seafood, particularly oysters it cause serious health hazard ,particularly to those having chronic liver disease, Health conditions that place a person at risk for serious illness or death from V. vulnificus infection also include , hemochromatosis, diabetes, stomach problems, kidney disease, cancer, immune disorders (including HIV) and long-term steroid use. In these individuals, the bacterium foodsource enters the blood stream, resulting in septic shock, rapidly followed by death in many cases. Such individuals are strongly advised not to consume raw or inadequately cooked seafood. V. vulnificus infect GI tract, causes a severe -life-threatening illness called primary septicemia,followed by fever, chills, septic shock and death and causes: Diarrheal disease, Skin Lesions,fever . Hypotension
Liver disease Illness