Yersinia enterocolitica

Yersinia enterocolitica (YE) is a zoonotic bacterial species and ubiquitous, being isolated frequently from soil, water, animals, and a variety of foods that causes food-transmitted infections.YE species is divided into six biotypes (1A, 1B, 2, 3, 4, 5) biotype 4, serotype O:3 Biotype 1A strains are widespread in the environment and are generally considered to be non-pathogenic while other studies indicating that some of the 1A strains have the ability to cause disease in humans, al- though they lack the classical virulence markers Biochemically heterogeneous group that can survive and grow at refrigeration temperatures("2°C and 45°C growth is slower at lower temperatures.),difficult to isolate from enviroment.. The ability to propagate at refrigeration temperatures is of considerable significance in food hygiene. Virulent strains of Yersinia invade mammalian cells such as HeLa cells in tissue culture.The pathogen can cause diarrhoea, appendicitis and post-infection arthritis may occur in a small proportion of cases. The most common transmission route of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica is thought to be fecal-oral via contaminated food.

Organism Details:
Shape and Size
0.5-0.8 µm by 1-3 µm in size , Rod-shaped - Ovoid bacilli shaped.
Genome Information
Yersinia enterocoliticas is a Gram-negative, psychrotrophic bacterium. Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. palearctica Y114553420 bp circular chromosome DNA ( GI:386307442). It has 4,441 genes and 4,349coding proteins, Pseudo Genes: , rRNAs: 22 ( 5S, 16S, 23S ),tRNAs: 70,Frameshifted Genes: . The GC content of Y. enterocolitica is about 47.0% .
Food Source
Raw milk, Chocolate milk, Pork, Raw meats, Unpasteurized milk
Pathological Factor
Y. enterocolitica possesses several virulence factors that allow the bacterium to bind and invade host cells. Y. enterocolitica produced heat-stable Enterotoxin. YaxAB are homologous to a defined cytotoxin (XaxAB).yaxAB encode proteins which contribute to cytotoxic activity for both human and murine cells in culture.
Disease
Y. enterocolitica ranging from mild self-limiting diarrhoea to acute mesenteric lymphadenitis, which can lead to appendicitic and responsible to cause gastrointestinal symptoms.Infection depend to some extent on the age and physical state of the patient, the presence of any underlying medical conditions, and the bioserotype of the organism. Gastroenteritis, caused by Y. enterocolitica, is the most frequent form of yersiniosis, typically affecting infants and young children under 5 years. In older children and young adults, acute yersiniosis can present as pseudoappendicular syndrome, which is frequently confused with appendicitis. Sometimes extra-intestinal long-term infection inculde reactive arthritis, erythem anodosum, uveitis, glomerulonephritis, and myocarditis have been reported. Postinfection manifestations are mainly seen in young adults. Sepsis is a rare complication of Y. enterocolitica infection, except in patients who have a predisposing underlying disease or are in an iron-overloaded state.Assoctaed foodborne infections : Enterocolitis, Cystic colitis Gastroenteriti, Pulmonary Hemorrhage.
Affected Body Organs
gastroenteriti, pulmonary hemorrhage ,skin (skin rahes)
Classification
Kingdom Bacteria
Phylum Proteobacteria
Class Gamma-Proteobacteria
Order Enterobacteriales
Family Enterobacteriaceae
Genus Yersinia
Species Y. enterocolitica