V i b r i o p a r a h a e m o l y t i c u s , a g r a m - n e g a t i v e m a r i n e a n d u b i q u i t o u s , b a c t e r i u m , i s a w o r l d w i d e c a u s e o f f o o d - b o r n e g a s t r o e n t e r i t i s . Y P T c a n b e c l a s s i f i e d i n t o 1 4 d i s t i n c t b i o t y p e s , f i v e o f w h i c h a r e a l m o s t e x c l u s i v e l y p a t h o g e n i c ( O 1 O 5 ) . I t i s a m a j o r c a u s e o f f o o d p o i s o n i n g i n A s i a n - I n d i a c o u n t r i e s V i b r i o p a r a h a e m o l y t i c u s , a n i m p o r t a n t h u m a n p a t h o g e n , i s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h g a s t r o e n t e r i t i s a n d t r a n s m i t t e d t h r o u g h p a r t i a l l y c o o k e d s e a f o o d . I t h a s b e c o m e a m a j o r c o n c e r n i n t h e p r o d u c t i o n a n d t r a d e o f m a r i n e f o o d p r o d u c t s t h a t c a u s e s d i s e a s e .
Organism Details:
Shape and Size
,0.5-0.8 µm by 1-3 µm, Rod-shaped
Genome Information
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis genome (GI:51594359) has circular DNA chromosome of 4744671 bp . It has 4,094 genes and 3,899 coding proteins, Pseudo Genes: 73, rRNAs: 22 ( 5S, 16S, 23S ),,tRNAs: 85. The GC content of Y. enterocolitica is about 47.6% .
Food Source
Pathological Factor
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis produce the cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNFY), but the functional consequences of this toxin for host-pathogen interactions during the infection are unknown. CNFY has a strong influence on virulence. CNFY toxin is thermo-regulated and highly expressed in all colonized lymphatic tissues and organs. Enteropathogenic yersiniae have been also shown to secrete exotoxins and superantigenic toxin YPM (YPT-derived mitogen) encoded by the ypm gene these toxification leads to causes varing disease.
Disease
Y . p s e u d o t u b e r c u l o s i s ( Y P T ) i n f e c t i o n s t y p i c a l l y p r e s e n t a s a b s c e s s - f o r m i n g m e s e n t e r i c l y m p h a d e n i t i s a n d d i a r r h e a b u t c a n a l s o l e a d c a u s e s e c o n d a r y c o m p l i c a t i o n s , s u c h a s p e r f o r a t i o n ] , s u b a c u t e o b s t r u c t i o n s y n d r o m e , i n t u s s u s c e p t i o n s a n d a c u t e r e n a l f a i l u r e i n r a r e c a s e s . A d d i t i o n a l l y , p a t i e n t s w i t h Y P T c o l i t i s s e v e r e g a s t r o i n t e s t i n a l b l e e d i n g h a v e a l s o b e e n r e p o r t e d . S i m i l a r t o Y E , Y P T i n f e c t i o n s c a n b e m i s t a k e n f o r a p p e n d i c i t i s . Y P T i n f e c t i o n s c a n b e a c u t e o r c h r o n i c , w i t h r e t i c u l o g r a n u l o c y t i c i n f i l t r a t i o n , e n l a r g e d f o l l i c l e s , a n d n e c r o s i s w i t h a b s c e s s f o r m a t i o n i n m e s e n t e r i c l y m p h n o d e s . I n f e c t i o n i s u s u a l l y s e l f - l i m i t i n g , b u t r a r e c a s e s o f s e p s i s c a n l e a d t o a v e r y h i g h m o r t a l i t y r a t e ( > 7 5 % ) . . I n a d d i t i o n t o a p p e n d i c i t i s , Y P T i n f e c t i o n s h a v e b e e n c o n f u s e d w i t h t u m o r a l l e s i o n s , t e r m i n a l i l e i t i s , a n d C r o h n s d i s e a s e . Y P T h a s a l s o b e e n i m p l i c a t e d i n r e a c t i v e a r t h r i t i s , e r y t h e m a n o d o s u m , a n d K w a s a k i a u t o i m m u n e s y n d r o m e . w h i c h l e a d t o c a u s e : I l e o c o l i t i s M e s e n t e r i c l y m p h a d e n i t i s